City officials declared a public health emergency Thursday after a tuberculosis outbreak left one person dead and nine others hospitalized.
Health officials said the outbreak stemmed from a group of people who stayed together at a Long Beach hotel room.
As of April 29, 14 cases of tuberculosis (TB) are associated with this outbreak — nine of them required hospitalization and one case was fatal.
Investigators said around 170 people have likely been exposed to the illness. Health officials are in contact with any guests or individuals who were at the hotel during the time the infected people were present.
Tuberculosis is a serious illness that mainly affects the lungs, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The bacteria is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks.
“Tuberculosis spreads easily where people gather in crowds or where people live in crowded conditions,” Long Beach health officials said. “People with HIV/AIDS and other people with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of catching tuberculosis than people with typical immune systems.”
“Symptoms of TB disease depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing,” the CDC explains. “TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs (pulmonary TB). TB disease in the lungs may cause symptoms such as:
- A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
- Pain in the chest
- Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs)
Other symptoms of TB disease include:
- Weakness or fatigue
- Weight loss
- No appetite
- Chills
- Fever
- Sweating at night
Most cases of tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics. However, those taking medication may need to do so for around six to nine months.
The CDC also notes that not everyone infected with the TB bacteria will become sick. As a result, two TB-related conditions exist — latent TB infection and TB disease.
“People who have been infected but are not yet sick have what’s called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI),” health officials explained. “People with LTBI can take medication so that they do not later get sick with active TB disease.”
The city’s emergency declaration will “streamline the Department’s ability to quickly secure resources and take additional action to contain the outbreak,” Long Beach officials explained. “The population of concern requires outreach and engagement, necessitating significant staff time to perform multiple interactions. The Department has exhausted their resources to manage this response without an emergency declaration.”
The declaration allows the city to implement preventive measures including:
- Mobilizing City resources
- Accelerating emergency planning
- Streamlining staffing
- Coordinating with other agencies
- Expediting the ability of the City to purchase necessary supplies to identify and treat TB
- Allowing for possible future reimbursement by the State and federal governments
- Raising awareness throughout Long Beach about TB
“The risk of TB for people who live, work, study or visit in Long Beach remains very low,” city officials noted. “The Health Department will continue to screen individuals associated with this outbreak and expects the number of cases and contacts to increase.”
The hotel’s name was not released “to protect patient privacy and comply with HIPAA [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act] regulations,” officials said.
More information on tuberculosis can be found on the California Department of Public Health’s website or through the CDC’s website.